Summer 2009

Volume 16, Number 3

26 entries. Source: Issue contents page on www.meforum.org.

7 entries in this issue were placed by meforum.org publication date and are marked as such. How placement works.

All citations in this issue: RIS BibTeX

Short summaries are written for this index from each article's text; they are not author abstracts. About the summaries.

Articles

Article

Are Judaism and Christianity as Violent as Islam?

Raymond Ibrahim

Argues that comparisons between religious scriptures obscure the article’s case that violence and intolerance are distinctive features of Islam.

Posted on meforum.org June 1, 2009. Read on meforum.org: Are Judaism and Christianity as Violent as Islam?
Cite Are Judaism and Christianity as Violent as Islam?
Chicago, Note
Raymond Ibrahim, “Are Judaism and Christianity as Violent as Islam?” Middle East Quarterly 16, no. 3 (Summer 2009), https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/are-judaism-and-christianity-as-violent-as-islam.

Chicago, Bibliography
Ibrahim, Raymond. “Are Judaism and Christianity as Violent as Islam?” Middle East Quarterly 16, no. 3 (Summer 2009). https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/are-judaism-and-christianity-as-violent-as-islam.
BibTeX
```
@article{ibrahim2009are_a72a,
  author = {Ibrahim, Raymond},
  title = {{Are Judaism and Christianity as Violent as Islam?}},
  journal = {Middle East Quarterly},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {16},
  number = {3},
  month = {Summer},
  url = {https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/are-judaism-and-christianity-as-violent-as-islam},
  publisher = {Middle East Forum},
  langid = {english}
}
```
Download .bib
RIS (Zotero, EndNote, Mendeley)
```
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ibrahim, Raymond
TI  - Are Judaism and Christianity as Violent as Islam?
T2  - Middle East Quarterly
JO  - Middle East Quarterly
VL  - 16
IS  - 3
PY  - 2009
DA  - 2009///Summer
UR  - https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/are-judaism-and-christianity-as-violent-as-islam
PB  - Middle East Forum
LA  - en
ER  - 
```
Download .ris
ArticleThe Military in Politics

Turkey’s Military Is a Catalyst for Reform

David Capezza

Argues that Turkey's military can support democratic checks and balances, warning that reducing its political role without safeguards could weaken stability.

Posted on meforum.org June 1, 2009. Read on meforum.org: Turkey’s Military Is a Catalyst for Reform
Cite Turkey’s Military Is a Catalyst for Reform
Chicago, Note
David Capezza, “Turkey’s Military Is a Catalyst for Reform,” Middle East Quarterly 16, no. 3 (Summer 2009), https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/turkey-military-catalyst-for-reform.

Chicago, Bibliography
Capezza, David. “Turkey’s Military Is a Catalyst for Reform.” Middle East Quarterly 16, no. 3 (Summer 2009). https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/turkey-military-catalyst-for-reform.
BibTeX
```
@article{capezza2009turkeys_a17e,
  author = {Capezza, David},
  title = {{Turkey’s Military Is a Catalyst for Reform}},
  journal = {Middle East Quarterly},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {16},
  number = {3},
  month = {Summer},
  url = {https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/turkey-military-catalyst-for-reform},
  publisher = {Middle East Forum},
  langid = {english}
}
```
Download .bib
RIS (Zotero, EndNote, Mendeley)
```
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Capezza, David
TI  - Turkey’s Military Is a Catalyst for Reform
T2  - Middle East Quarterly
JO  - Middle East Quarterly
VL  - 16
IS  - 3
PY  - 2009
DA  - 2009///Summer
UR  - https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/turkey-military-catalyst-for-reform
PB  - Middle East Forum
LA  - en
ER  - 
```
Download .ris
ArticleThe Military in Politics

Is the Military Bulwark against Islamism Collapsing?

David Bukay

Warns that Middle Eastern militaries may abandon secular authoritarian rulers for Islamists, despite currently serving as barriers to Islamist influence.

Posted on meforum.org June 1, 2009. Read on meforum.org: Is the Military Bulwark against Islamism Collapsing?
Cite Is the Military Bulwark against Islamism Collapsing?
Chicago, Note
David Bukay, “Is the Military Bulwark against Islamism Collapsing?” Middle East Quarterly 16, no. 3 (Summer 2009), https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/military-bulwark-against-islamism-collapsing.

Chicago, Bibliography
Bukay, David. “Is the Military Bulwark against Islamism Collapsing?” Middle East Quarterly 16, no. 3 (Summer 2009). https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/military-bulwark-against-islamism-collapsing.
BibTeX
```
@article{bukay2009is_1a32,
  author = {Bukay, David},
  title = {{Is the Military Bulwark against Islamism Collapsing?}},
  journal = {Middle East Quarterly},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {16},
  number = {3},
  month = {Summer},
  url = {https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/military-bulwark-against-islamism-collapsing},
  publisher = {Middle East Forum},
  langid = {english}
}
```
Download .bib
RIS (Zotero, EndNote, Mendeley)
```
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bukay, David
TI  - Is the Military Bulwark against Islamism Collapsing?
T2  - Middle East Quarterly
JO  - Middle East Quarterly
VL  - 16
IS  - 3
PY  - 2009
DA  - 2009///Summer
UR  - https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/military-bulwark-against-islamism-collapsing
PB  - Middle East Forum
LA  - en
ER  - 
```
Download .ris
Article

Tehran’s Genocidal Incitement against Israel

Elihu D. Richter and Alex Barnea

Examines Iranian rhetoric toward Israel, arguing that Ahmadinejad's statements and official messaging indicate genocidal intent amid broader anti-Semitism.

Posted on meforum.org June 1, 2009. Read on meforum.org: Tehran’s Genocidal Incitement against Israel
Cite Tehran’s Genocidal Incitement against Israel
Chicago, Note
Elihu D. Richter and Alex Barnea, “Tehran’s Genocidal Incitement against Israel,” Middle East Quarterly 16, no. 3 (Summer 2009), https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/iran-genocidal-incitement-israel.

Chicago, Bibliography
Richter, Elihu D., and Alex Barnea. “Tehran’s Genocidal Incitement against Israel.” Middle East Quarterly 16, no. 3 (Summer 2009). https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/iran-genocidal-incitement-israel.
BibTeX
```
@article{richter2009tehrans_8947,
  author = {Richter, Elihu D. and Barnea, Alex},
  title = {{Tehran’s Genocidal Incitement against Israel}},
  journal = {Middle East Quarterly},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {16},
  number = {3},
  month = {Summer},
  url = {https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/iran-genocidal-incitement-israel},
  publisher = {Middle East Forum},
  langid = {english}
}
```
Download .bib
RIS (Zotero, EndNote, Mendeley)
```
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Richter, Elihu D.
AU  - Barnea, Alex
TI  - Tehran’s Genocidal Incitement against Israel
T2  - Middle East Quarterly
JO  - Middle East Quarterly
VL  - 16
IS  - 3
PY  - 2009
DA  - 2009///Summer
UR  - https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/iran-genocidal-incitement-israel
PB  - Middle East Forum
LA  - en
ER  - 
```
Download .ris
Article

Western Sahara and the Self-Determination Debate

Samuel J. Spector

Examines whether self determination under international law can resolve Western Sahara's competing claims and considers the implications for other disputed territories.

Posted on meforum.org June 1, 2009. Read on meforum.org: Western Sahara and the Self-Determination Debate
Cite Western Sahara and the Self-Determination Debate
Chicago, Note
Samuel J. Spector, “Western Sahara and the Self-Determination Debate,” Middle East Quarterly 16, no. 3 (Summer 2009), https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/western-sahara-self-determination.

Chicago, Bibliography
Spector, Samuel J. “Western Sahara and the Self-Determination Debate.” Middle East Quarterly 16, no. 3 (Summer 2009). https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/western-sahara-self-determination.
BibTeX
```
@article{spector2009western_791e,
  author = {Spector, Samuel J.},
  title = {{Western Sahara and the Self-Determination Debate}},
  journal = {Middle East Quarterly},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {16},
  number = {3},
  month = {Summer},
  url = {https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/western-sahara-self-determination},
  publisher = {Middle East Forum},
  langid = {english}
}
```
Download .bib
RIS (Zotero, EndNote, Mendeley)
```
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Spector, Samuel J.
TI  - Western Sahara and the Self-Determination Debate
T2  - Middle East Quarterly
JO  - Middle East Quarterly
VL  - 16
IS  - 3
PY  - 2009
DA  - 2009///Summer
UR  - https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/western-sahara-self-determination
PB  - Middle East Forum
LA  - en
ER  - 
```
Download .ris
Article

Decoding the Language of Jihad

Brig Barker

Examines how linguistic patterns in Islamist statements and texts may help local law enforcement identify people involved in terrorism before attacks.

Posted on meforum.org June 1, 2009. Read on meforum.org: Decoding the Language of Jihad
Cite Decoding the Language of Jihad
Chicago, Note
Brig Barker, “Decoding the Language of Jihad,” Middle East Quarterly 16, no. 3 (Summer 2009), https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/decoding-language-of-jihad.

Chicago, Bibliography
Barker, Brig. “Decoding the Language of Jihad.” Middle East Quarterly 16, no. 3 (Summer 2009). https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/decoding-language-of-jihad.
BibTeX
```
@article{barker2009decoding_aa47,
  author = {Barker, Brig},
  title = {{Decoding the Language of Jihad}},
  journal = {Middle East Quarterly},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {16},
  number = {3},
  month = {Summer},
  url = {https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/decoding-language-of-jihad},
  publisher = {Middle East Forum},
  langid = {english}
}
```
Download .bib
RIS (Zotero, EndNote, Mendeley)
```
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Barker, Brig
TI  - Decoding the Language of Jihad
T2  - Middle East Quarterly
JO  - Middle East Quarterly
VL  - 16
IS  - 3
PY  - 2009
DA  - 2009///Summer
UR  - https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/decoding-language-of-jihad
PB  - Middle East Forum
LA  - en
ER  - 
```
Download .ris
Article

Has Damascus Stopped Supporting Terrorists?

Ryan Mauro

Argues that Syria continues enabling Iraqi insurgents and al-Qaeda through supportive networks, making diplomatic normalization premature despite reduced border crossings.

Posted on meforum.org June 1, 2009. Read on meforum.org: Has Damascus Stopped Supporting Terrorists?
Cite Has Damascus Stopped Supporting Terrorists?
Chicago, Note
Ryan Mauro, “Has Damascus Stopped Supporting Terrorists?” Middle East Quarterly 16, no. 3 (Summer 2009), https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/damascus-supporting-terrorists.

Chicago, Bibliography
Mauro, Ryan. “Has Damascus Stopped Supporting Terrorists?” Middle East Quarterly 16, no. 3 (Summer 2009). https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/damascus-supporting-terrorists.
BibTeX
```
@article{mauro2009has_bdc6,
  author = {Mauro, Ryan},
  title = {{Has Damascus Stopped Supporting Terrorists?}},
  journal = {Middle East Quarterly},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {16},
  number = {3},
  month = {Summer},
  url = {https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/damascus-supporting-terrorists},
  publisher = {Middle East Forum},
  langid = {english}
}
```
Download .bib
RIS (Zotero, EndNote, Mendeley)
```
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mauro, Ryan
TI  - Has Damascus Stopped Supporting Terrorists?
T2  - Middle East Quarterly
JO  - Middle East Quarterly
VL  - 16
IS  - 3
PY  - 2009
DA  - 2009///Summer
UR  - https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/damascus-supporting-terrorists
PB  - Middle East Forum
LA  - en
ER  - 
```
Download .ris
Article

Is Egypt Stable?

Aladdin Elaasar

Assesses Egypt's political and economic vulnerabilities, describing uncertainty over Mubarak's succession amid stagnation, unemployment, inflation, and corruption.

Posted on meforum.org June 1, 2009. Read on meforum.org: Is Egypt Stable?
Cite Is Egypt Stable?
Chicago, Note
Aladdin Elaasar, “Is Egypt Stable?” Middle East Quarterly 16, no. 3 (Summer 2009), https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/is-egypt-stable.

Chicago, Bibliography
Elaasar, Aladdin. “Is Egypt Stable?” Middle East Quarterly 16, no. 3 (Summer 2009). https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/is-egypt-stable.
BibTeX
```
@article{elaasar2009is_7644,
  author = {Elaasar, Aladdin},
  title = {{Is Egypt Stable?}},
  journal = {Middle East Quarterly},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {16},
  number = {3},
  month = {Summer},
  url = {https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/is-egypt-stable},
  publisher = {Middle East Forum},
  langid = {english}
}
```
Download .bib
RIS (Zotero, EndNote, Mendeley)
```
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Elaasar, Aladdin
TI  - Is Egypt Stable?
T2  - Middle East Quarterly
JO  - Middle East Quarterly
VL  - 16
IS  - 3
PY  - 2009
DA  - 2009///Summer
UR  - https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/is-egypt-stable
PB  - Middle East Forum
LA  - en
ER  - 
```
Download .ris
ArticleUnsteady Egypt

Islamizing Egyptian Education

Reports examples from Egyptian Arabic language lessons to argue that the ostensibly secular curriculum includes Islamist religious instruction.

Posted on meforum.org June 1, 2009. Read on meforum.org: Islamizing Egyptian Education
Cite Islamizing Egyptian Education
Chicago, Note
“Islamizing Egyptian Education,” Middle East Quarterly 16, no. 3 (Summer 2009), https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/islamizing-egyptian-education.

Chicago, Bibliography
“Islamizing Egyptian Education.” Middle East Quarterly 16, no. 3 (Summer 2009). https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/islamizing-egyptian-education.
BibTeX
```
@article{meq2009islamizing_a6e3,
  title = {{Islamizing Egyptian Education}},
  journal = {Middle East Quarterly},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {16},
  number = {3},
  month = {Summer},
  url = {https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/islamizing-egyptian-education},
  publisher = {Middle East Forum},
  langid = {english}
}
```
Download .bib
RIS (Zotero, EndNote, Mendeley)
```
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Islamizing Egyptian Education
T2  - Middle East Quarterly
JO  - Middle East Quarterly
VL  - 16
IS  - 3
PY  - 2009
DA  - 2009///Summer
UR  - https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/islamizing-egyptian-education
PB  - Middle East Forum
LA  - en
ER  - 
```
Download .ris
Article

“Music, Chess, and Other Sins”

Examines British Muslim schools and reports concerns about links to radical preachers, extremist materials, and Islamist indoctrination.

Posted on meforum.org June 1, 2009. Read on meforum.org: “Music, Chess, and Other Sins”
Cite “Music, Chess, and Other Sins”
Chicago, Note
“‘Music, Chess, and Other Sins’,” Middle East Quarterly 16, no. 3 (Summer 2009), https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/music-chess-sins.

Chicago, Bibliography
“‘Music, Chess, and Other Sins’.” Middle East Quarterly 16, no. 3 (Summer 2009). https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/music-chess-sins.
BibTeX
```
@article{meq2009music_ede7,
  title = {{“Music, Chess, and Other Sins”}},
  journal = {Middle East Quarterly},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {16},
  number = {3},
  month = {Summer},
  url = {https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/music-chess-sins},
  publisher = {Middle East Forum},
  langid = {english}
}
```
Download .bib
RIS (Zotero, EndNote, Mendeley)
```
TY  - JOUR
TI  - “Music, Chess, and Other Sins”
T2  - Middle East Quarterly
JO  - Middle East Quarterly
VL  - 16
IS  - 3
PY  - 2009
DA  - 2009///Summer
UR  - https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/music-chess-sins
PB  - Middle East Forum
LA  - en
ER  - 
```
Download .ris
ArticleA Muslim Cleric on the Power of His Faith, the Struggle against Prejudice, and the Future of Islam in America

American Crescent [incl. Akbar Ahmed and John Esposito]

Stephen Schwartz

Reviews books by Hassan Qazwini, Daveed Gartenstein-Ross, and Akbar Ahmed, portraying them as accounts of Islamist leadership, radical networks, and Islam in America.

Posted on meforum.org August 4, 2009. Read on meforum.org: American Crescent [incl. Akbar Ahmed and John Esposito]
Cite American Crescent [incl. Akbar Ahmed and John Esposito]
Chicago, Note
Stephen Schwartz, “American Crescent [incl. Akbar Ahmed and John Esposito],” Middle East Quarterly 16, no. 3 (Summer 2009), https://www.meforum.org/campus-watch/middle-east-quarterly/american-crescent-incl-akbar-ahmed-and-john.

Chicago, Bibliography
Schwartz, Stephen. “American Crescent [incl. Akbar Ahmed and John Esposito].” Middle East Quarterly 16, no. 3 (Summer 2009). https://www.meforum.org/campus-watch/middle-east-quarterly/american-crescent-incl-akbar-ahmed-and-john.
BibTeX
```
@article{schwartz2009american_5d38,
  author = {Schwartz, Stephen},
  title = {{American Crescent [incl. Akbar Ahmed and John Esposito]}},
  journal = {Middle East Quarterly},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {16},
  number = {3},
  month = {Summer},
  url = {https://www.meforum.org/campus-watch/middle-east-quarterly/american-crescent-incl-akbar-ahmed-and-john},
  publisher = {Middle East Forum},
  langid = {english}
}
```
Download .bib
RIS (Zotero, EndNote, Mendeley)
```
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schwartz, Stephen
TI  - American Crescent [incl. Akbar Ahmed and John Esposito]
T2  - Middle East Quarterly
JO  - Middle East Quarterly
VL  - 16
IS  - 3
PY  - 2009
DA  - 2009///Summer
UR  - https://www.meforum.org/campus-watch/middle-east-quarterly/american-crescent-incl-akbar-ahmed-and-john
PB  - Middle East Forum
LA  - en
ER  - 
```
Download .ris

Dissident Watch

Dissident Watch

Dissident Watch: Fariba Kamalabadi

Vargha Taefi and Nazila Ghanea

Profiles Fariba Kamalabadi’s detention and the charges against her, describing the Iranian government’s restrictions on Baha’i organizations and religious declaration.

Posted on meforum.org June 1, 2009. Read on meforum.org: Dissident Watch: Fariba Kamalabadi
Cite Dissident Watch: Fariba Kamalabadi
Chicago, Note
Vargha Taefi and Nazila Ghanea, “Dissident Watch: Fariba Kamalabadi,” Middle East Quarterly 16, no. 3 (Summer 2009), https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/dissident-watch-fariba-kamalabadi.

Chicago, Bibliography
Taefi, Vargha, and Nazila Ghanea. “Dissident Watch: Fariba Kamalabadi.” Middle East Quarterly 16, no. 3 (Summer 2009). https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/dissident-watch-fariba-kamalabadi.
BibTeX
```
@article{taefi2009dissident_bfeb,
  author = {Taefi, Vargha and Ghanea, Nazila},
  title = {{Dissident Watch: Fariba Kamalabadi}},
  journal = {Middle East Quarterly},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {16},
  number = {3},
  month = {Summer},
  url = {https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/dissident-watch-fariba-kamalabadi},
  publisher = {Middle East Forum},
  langid = {english}
}
```
Download .bib
RIS (Zotero, EndNote, Mendeley)
```
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Taefi, Vargha
AU  - Ghanea, Nazila
TI  - Dissident Watch: Fariba Kamalabadi
T2  - Middle East Quarterly
JO  - Middle East Quarterly
VL  - 16
IS  - 3
PY  - 2009
DA  - 2009///Summer
UR  - https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/dissident-watch-fariba-kamalabadi
PB  - Middle East Forum
LA  - en
ER  - 
```
Download .ris

Correspondence

Posted on meforum.org June 1, 2009. Read on meforum.org: Correspondence

Cite

Chicago, Note

“Correspondence,” Middle East Quarterly 16, no. 3 (Summer 2009), https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/correspondence-2421.

Chicago, Bibliography

“Correspondence.” Middle East Quarterly 16, no. 3 (Summer 2009). https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/correspondence-2421.

BibTeX

@article{meq2009correspondence_3278,
  title = {{Correspondence}},
  journal = {Middle East Quarterly},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {16},
  number = {3},
  month = {Summer},
  url = {https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/correspondence-2421},
  publisher = {Middle East Forum},
  langid = {english}
}

Download .bib

RIS (Zotero, EndNote, Mendeley)

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Correspondence
T2  - Middle East Quarterly
JO  - Middle East Quarterly
VL  - 16
IS  - 3
PY  - 2009
DA  - 2009///Summer
UR  - https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/correspondence-2421
PB  - Middle East Forum
LA  - en
ER  -

Download .ris

Book Reviews

Book review

American Crescent

Reviewed by Stephen Schwartz

Reviews Vali Nasr’s American Crescent, portraying its account of Muslim life in America as contradictory and insufficiently critical of Islamist leadership.

Posted on meforum.org June 1, 2009. Read on meforum.org: American Crescent
Cite American Crescent
Chicago, Note
Stephen Schwartz, “American Crescent,” review, Middle East Quarterly 16, no. 3 (Summer 2009), https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/book-reviews/islam-in-america-2422.

Chicago, Bibliography
Schwartz, Stephen. “American Crescent.” Review. Middle East Quarterly 16, no. 3 (Summer 2009). https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/book-reviews/islam-in-america-2422.
BibTeX
```
@article{schwartz2009american_7069,
  author = {Schwartz, Stephen},
  title = {{American Crescent}},
  journal = {Middle East Quarterly},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {16},
  number = {3},
  month = {Summer},
  url = {https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/book-reviews/islam-in-america-2422},
  publisher = {Middle East Forum},
  langid = {english},
  note = {Book review}
}
```
Download .bib
RIS (Zotero, EndNote, Mendeley)
```
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schwartz, Stephen
TI  - American Crescent
T2  - Middle East Quarterly
JO  - Middle East Quarterly
VL  - 16
IS  - 3
PY  - 2009
DA  - 2009///Summer
UR  - https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/book-reviews/islam-in-america-2422
PB  - Middle East Forum
LA  - en
N1  - Book review
ER  - 
```
Download .ris
Book review

A History of Modern Iran

Reviews Ervand Abrahamian’s A History of Modern Iran, finding that its left wing framework understates the Islamic Republic’s failures and favors criticism of the shah.

Posted on meforum.org June 1, 2009. Issue assigned from publication date Read on meforum.org: A History of Modern Iran
Cite A History of Modern Iran
Chicago, Note
“A History of Modern Iran,” review, Middle East Quarterly 16, no. 3 (Summer 2009), https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/book-reviews/a-history-of-modern-iran.

Chicago, Bibliography
“A History of Modern Iran.” Review. Middle East Quarterly 16, no. 3 (Summer 2009). https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/book-reviews/a-history-of-modern-iran.
BibTeX
```
@article{meq2009history_7835,
  title = {{A History of Modern Iran}},
  journal = {Middle East Quarterly},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {16},
  number = {3},
  month = {Summer},
  url = {https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/book-reviews/a-history-of-modern-iran},
  publisher = {Middle East Forum},
  langid = {english},
  note = {Book review}
}
```
Download .bib
RIS (Zotero, EndNote, Mendeley)
```
TY  - JOUR
TI  - A History of Modern Iran
T2  - Middle East Quarterly
JO  - Middle East Quarterly
VL  - 16
IS  - 3
PY  - 2009
DA  - 2009///Summer
UR  - https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/book-reviews/a-history-of-modern-iran
PB  - Middle East Forum
LA  - en
N1  - Book review
ER  - 
```
Download .ris
Book review

Deadly Connections

Reviewed by Boaz Ganor

Reviews Daniel Byman’s Deadly Connections, concluding that states remain important supporters of terrorist groups and that his framework informs counterterrorism analysis.

Posted on meforum.org June 1, 2009. Issue assigned from publication date Read on meforum.org: Deadly Connections
Cite Deadly Connections
Chicago, Note
Boaz Ganor, “Deadly Connections,” review, Middle East Quarterly 16, no. 3 (Summer 2009), https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/book-reviews/deadly-connections.

Chicago, Bibliography
Ganor, Boaz. “Deadly Connections.” Review. Middle East Quarterly 16, no. 3 (Summer 2009). https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/book-reviews/deadly-connections.
BibTeX
```
@article{ganor2009deadly_e8b8,
  author = {Ganor, Boaz},
  title = {{Deadly Connections}},
  journal = {Middle East Quarterly},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {16},
  number = {3},
  month = {Summer},
  url = {https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/book-reviews/deadly-connections},
  publisher = {Middle East Forum},
  langid = {english},
  note = {Book review}
}
```
Download .bib
RIS (Zotero, EndNote, Mendeley)
```
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ganor, Boaz
TI  - Deadly Connections
T2  - Middle East Quarterly
JO  - Middle East Quarterly
VL  - 16
IS  - 3
PY  - 2009
DA  - 2009///Summer
UR  - https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/book-reviews/deadly-connections
PB  - Middle East Forum
LA  - en
N1  - Book review
ER  - 
```
Download .ris
Book review

Energy Victory

Reviews Robert Zubrin’s Energy Victory, endorsing its proposed shift to flexible fuel vehicles as a practical way to reduce oil dependence.

Posted on meforum.org June 1, 2009. Issue assigned from publication date Read on meforum.org: Energy Victory
Cite Energy Victory
Chicago, Note
“Energy Victory,” review, Middle East Quarterly 16, no. 3 (Summer 2009), https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/book-reviews/energy-victory.

Chicago, Bibliography
“Energy Victory.” Review. Middle East Quarterly 16, no. 3 (Summer 2009). https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/book-reviews/energy-victory.
BibTeX
```
@article{meq2009energy_4b7b,
  title = {{Energy Victory}},
  journal = {Middle East Quarterly},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {16},
  number = {3},
  month = {Summer},
  url = {https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/book-reviews/energy-victory},
  publisher = {Middle East Forum},
  langid = {english},
  note = {Book review}
}
```
Download .bib
RIS (Zotero, EndNote, Mendeley)
```
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Energy Victory
T2  - Middle East Quarterly
JO  - Middle East Quarterly
VL  - 16
IS  - 3
PY  - 2009
DA  - 2009///Summer
UR  - https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/book-reviews/energy-victory
PB  - Middle East Forum
LA  - en
N1  - Book review
ER  - 
```
Download .ris
Book review

Freedom's Unsteady March

Reviews Freedom's Unsteady March, finding its case for democracy promotion serious while questioning whether changing U.S. methods would produce better outcomes.

Posted on meforum.org June 1, 2009. Issue assigned from publication date Read on meforum.org: Freedom's Unsteady March
Cite Freedom's Unsteady March
Chicago, Note
“Freedom's Unsteady March,” review, Middle East Quarterly 16, no. 3 (Summer 2009), https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/book-reviews/freedoms-unsteady-march.

Chicago, Bibliography
“Freedom's Unsteady March.” Review. Middle East Quarterly 16, no. 3 (Summer 2009). https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/book-reviews/freedoms-unsteady-march.
BibTeX
```
@article{meq2009freedom_ecf2,
  title = {{Freedom's Unsteady March}},
  journal = {Middle East Quarterly},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {16},
  number = {3},
  month = {Summer},
  url = {https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/book-reviews/freedoms-unsteady-march},
  publisher = {Middle East Forum},
  langid = {english},
  note = {Book review}
}
```
Download .bib
RIS (Zotero, EndNote, Mendeley)
```
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Freedom's Unsteady March
T2  - Middle East Quarterly
JO  - Middle East Quarterly
VL  - 16
IS  - 3
PY  - 2009
DA  - 2009///Summer
UR  - https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/book-reviews/freedoms-unsteady-march
PB  - Middle East Forum
LA  - en
N1  - Book review
ER  - 
```
Download .ris
Book review

Leaderless Jihad

Book by Marc Sageman

Reviews Marc Sageman's Leaderless Jihad, judging its findings repetitive and its newer claims insufficiently rigorous and sometimes questionable.

Posted on meforum.org June 1, 2009. Issue assigned from publication date Read on meforum.org: Leaderless Jihad
Cite Leaderless Jihad
Chicago, Note
“Leaderless Jihad,” review, Middle East Quarterly 16, no. 3 (Summer 2009), https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/book-reviews/leaderless-jihad.

Chicago, Bibliography
“Leaderless Jihad.” Review. Middle East Quarterly 16, no. 3 (Summer 2009). https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/book-reviews/leaderless-jihad.
BibTeX
```
@article{meq2009leaderless_e8b5,
  title = {{Leaderless Jihad}},
  journal = {Middle East Quarterly},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {16},
  number = {3},
  month = {Summer},
  url = {https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/book-reviews/leaderless-jihad},
  publisher = {Middle East Forum},
  langid = {english},
  note = {Book review}
}
```
Download .bib
RIS (Zotero, EndNote, Mendeley)
```
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Leaderless Jihad
T2  - Middle East Quarterly
JO  - Middle East Quarterly
VL  - 16
IS  - 3
PY  - 2009
DA  - 2009///Summer
UR  - https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/book-reviews/leaderless-jihad
PB  - Middle East Forum
LA  - en
N1  - Book review
ER  - 
```
Download .ris
Book review

Muhammad's Grave

Reviews Muhammad's Grave by Halevi, finding its account of early Islamic death rites grounded in classical sources and relevant to contemporary debates.

Posted on meforum.org June 1, 2009. Issue assigned from publication date Read on meforum.org: Muhammad's Grave
Cite Muhammad's Grave
Chicago, Note
“Muhammad's Grave,” review, Middle East Quarterly 16, no. 3 (Summer 2009), https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/book-reviews/muhammads-grave.

Chicago, Bibliography
“Muhammad's Grave.” Review. Middle East Quarterly 16, no. 3 (Summer 2009). https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/book-reviews/muhammads-grave.
BibTeX
```
@article{meq2009muhammad_c77c,
  title = {{Muhammad's Grave}},
  journal = {Middle East Quarterly},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {16},
  number = {3},
  month = {Summer},
  url = {https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/book-reviews/muhammads-grave},
  publisher = {Middle East Forum},
  langid = {english},
  note = {Book review}
}
```
Download .bib
RIS (Zotero, EndNote, Mendeley)
```
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Muhammad's Grave
T2  - Middle East Quarterly
JO  - Middle East Quarterly
VL  - 16
IS  - 3
PY  - 2009
DA  - 2009///Summer
UR  - https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/book-reviews/muhammads-grave
PB  - Middle East Forum
LA  - en
N1  - Book review
ER  - 
```
Download .ris
Book review

Three Cups of Tea

Book by Mortenson and Relin

Reviews Three Cups of Tea by Mortenson and Relin, finding its account of school building and education's role in countering extremist influence valuable despite flaws.

Posted on meforum.org June 1, 2009. Issue assigned from publication date Read on meforum.org: Three Cups of Tea
Cite Three Cups of Tea
Chicago, Note
“Three Cups of Tea,” review, Middle East Quarterly 16, no. 3 (Summer 2009), https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/book-reviews/three-cups-of-tea.

Chicago, Bibliography
“Three Cups of Tea.” Review. Middle East Quarterly 16, no. 3 (Summer 2009). https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/book-reviews/three-cups-of-tea.
BibTeX
```
@article{meq2009three_0968,
  title = {{Three Cups of Tea}},
  journal = {Middle East Quarterly},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {16},
  number = {3},
  month = {Summer},
  url = {https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/book-reviews/three-cups-of-tea},
  publisher = {Middle East Forum},
  langid = {english},
  note = {Book review}
}
```
Download .bib
RIS (Zotero, EndNote, Mendeley)
```
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Three Cups of Tea
T2  - Middle East Quarterly
JO  - Middle East Quarterly
VL  - 16
IS  - 3
PY  - 2009
DA  - 2009///Summer
UR  - https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/book-reviews/three-cups-of-tea
PB  - Middle East Forum
LA  - en
N1  - Book review
ER  - 
```
Download .ris

Brief Reviews

Brief reviews

Brief Reviews

By Schwartz, Ganor, Luft, Rosen, Clawson, Gartenstein-Ross, Rubin and Pratt

Gathers short notices of several books on Islam, terrorism, energy, and modern Iran.

Posted on meforum.org June 1, 2009. Read on meforum.org: Brief Reviews
Cite Brief Reviews
Chicago, Note
“Brief Reviews,” Middle East Quarterly 16, no. 3 (Summer 2009), https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/brief-reviews-2432.

Chicago, Bibliography
“Brief Reviews.” Middle East Quarterly 16, no. 3 (Summer 2009). https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/brief-reviews-2432.
BibTeX
```
@article{meq2009brief_22e2,
  title = {{Brief Reviews}},
  journal = {Middle East Quarterly},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {16},
  number = {3},
  month = {Summer},
  url = {https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/brief-reviews-2432},
  publisher = {Middle East Forum},
  langid = {english}
}
```
Download .bib
RIS (Zotero, EndNote, Mendeley)
```
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Brief Reviews
T2  - Middle East Quarterly
JO  - Middle East Quarterly
VL  - 16
IS  - 3
PY  - 2009
DA  - 2009///Summer
UR  - https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/brief-reviews-2432
PB  - Middle East Forum
LA  - en
ER  - 
```
Download .ris

Translations

Translation

Sind Judentum und Christentum so gewalttätig wie der Islam?

Raymond Ibrahim

In German, examines arguments comparing violence in Islam, Judaism, and Christianity and challenges explanations that locate Muslim violence solely in social conditions.

Posted on meforum.org June 1, 2009. Read on meforum.org: Sind Judentum und Christentum so gewalttätig wie der Islam?
Cite Sind Judentum und Christentum so gewalttätig wie der Islam?
Chicago, Note
Raymond Ibrahim, “Sind Judentum und Christentum so gewalttätig wie der Islam?” Middle East Quarterly 16, no. 3 (Summer 2009), https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/sind-judentum-christentum-gewalttaetig-wie-islam.

Chicago, Bibliography
Ibrahim, Raymond. “Sind Judentum und Christentum so gewalttätig wie der Islam?” Middle East Quarterly 16, no. 3 (Summer 2009). https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/sind-judentum-christentum-gewalttaetig-wie-islam.
BibTeX
```
@article{ibrahim2009sind_c919,
  author = {Ibrahim, Raymond},
  title = {{Sind Judentum und Christentum so gewalttätig wie der Islam?}},
  journal = {Middle East Quarterly},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {16},
  number = {3},
  month = {Summer},
  url = {https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/sind-judentum-christentum-gewalttaetig-wie-islam},
  publisher = {Middle East Forum},
  langid = {english}
}
```
Download .bib
RIS (Zotero, EndNote, Mendeley)
```
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ibrahim, Raymond
TI  - Sind Judentum und Christentum so gewalttätig wie der Islam?
T2  - Middle East Quarterly
JO  - Middle East Quarterly
VL  - 16
IS  - 3
PY  - 2009
DA  - 2009///Summer
UR  - https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/sind-judentum-christentum-gewalttaetig-wie-islam
PB  - Middle East Forum
LA  - en
ER  - 
```
Download .ris
Translation

Ebraismo e Cristianesimo : violenti come l’islam?

Raymond Ibrahim

In Italian, examines claims that monotheistic scriptures share violent content and questions whether this comparison explains violence attributed to Islam.

Posted on meforum.org June 1, 2009. Read on meforum.org: Ebraismo e Cristianesimo : violenti come l’islam?
Cite Ebraismo e Cristianesimo : violenti come l’islam?
Chicago, Note
Raymond Ibrahim, “Ebraismo e Cristianesimo : violenti come l’islam?” Middle East Quarterly 16, no. 3 (Summer 2009), https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/ebraismo-cristianesimo-violenti-come-islam.

Chicago, Bibliography
Ibrahim, Raymond. “Ebraismo e Cristianesimo : violenti come l’islam?” Middle East Quarterly 16, no. 3 (Summer 2009). https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/ebraismo-cristianesimo-violenti-come-islam.
BibTeX
```
@article{ibrahim2009ebraismo_ff5f,
  author = {Ibrahim, Raymond},
  title = {{Ebraismo e Cristianesimo : violenti come l’islam?}},
  journal = {Middle East Quarterly},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {16},
  number = {3},
  month = {Summer},
  url = {https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/ebraismo-cristianesimo-violenti-come-islam},
  publisher = {Middle East Forum},
  langid = {english}
}
```
Download .bib
RIS (Zotero, EndNote, Mendeley)
```
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ibrahim, Raymond
TI  - Ebraismo e Cristianesimo : violenti come l’islam?
T2  - Middle East Quarterly
JO  - Middle East Quarterly
VL  - 16
IS  - 3
PY  - 2009
DA  - 2009///Summer
UR  - https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/ebraismo-cristianesimo-violenti-come-islam
PB  - Middle East Forum
LA  - en
ER  - 
```
Download .ris
Translation

Являются ли иудаизм и христианство столь же насильственными, как ислам?

In Russian, examines arguments comparing violence in Islam, Judaism, and Christianity and questions whether historical violence in other faiths explains present Muslim violence.

Posted on meforum.org June 1, 2009. Read on meforum.org: Являются ли иудаизм и христианство столь же насильственными, как ислам?
Cite Являются ли иудаизм и христианство столь же насильственными, как ислам?
Chicago, Note
“Являются ли иудаизм и христианство столь же насильственными, как ислам?” Middle East Quarterly 16, no. 3 (Summer 2009), https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/являются-ли-иудаизм-и-христианство-столь-же-насильственными-как-ислам.

Chicago, Bibliography
“Являются ли иудаизм и христианство столь же насильственными, как ислам?” Middle East Quarterly 16, no. 3 (Summer 2009). https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/являются-ли-иудаизм-и-христианство-столь-же-насильственными-как-ислам.
BibTeX
```
@article{meq2009_28d7,
  title = {{Являются ли иудаизм и христианство столь же насильственными, как ислам?}},
  journal = {Middle East Quarterly},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {16},
  number = {3},
  month = {Summer},
  url = {https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/являются-ли-иудаизм-и-христианство-столь-же-насильственными-как-ислам},
  publisher = {Middle East Forum},
  langid = {english}
}
```
Download .bib
RIS (Zotero, EndNote, Mendeley)
```
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Являются ли иудаизм и христианство столь же насильственными, как ислам?
T2  - Middle East Quarterly
JO  - Middle East Quarterly
VL  - 16
IS  - 3
PY  - 2009
DA  - 2009///Summer
UR  - https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/являются-ли-иудаизм-и-христианство-столь-же-насильственными-как-ислам
PB  - Middle East Forum
LA  - en
ER  - 
```
Download .ris
Translation

Le Judaïsme et le christianisme sont-ils aussi violents que l’islam?

Raymond Ibrahim

In French, discusses claims that monotheistic scriptures share violent passages and challenges explanations linking Muslim violence solely to social and political grievances.

Posted on meforum.org June 1, 2009. Read on meforum.org: Le Judaïsme et le christianisme sont-ils aussi violents que l’islam?
Cite Le Judaïsme et le christianisme sont-ils aussi violents que l’islam?
Chicago, Note
Raymond Ibrahim, “Le Judaïsme et le christianisme sont-ils aussi violents que l’islam?” Middle East Quarterly 16, no. 3 (Summer 2009), https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/le-judaisme-et-le-christianisme-sont-ils-aussi.

Chicago, Bibliography
Ibrahim, Raymond. “Le Judaïsme et le christianisme sont-ils aussi violents que l’islam?” Middle East Quarterly 16, no. 3 (Summer 2009). https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/le-judaisme-et-le-christianisme-sont-ils-aussi.
BibTeX
```
@article{ibrahim2009le_c1d4,
  author = {Ibrahim, Raymond},
  title = {{Le Judaïsme et le christianisme sont-ils aussi violents que l’islam?}},
  journal = {Middle East Quarterly},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {16},
  number = {3},
  month = {Summer},
  url = {https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/le-judaisme-et-le-christianisme-sont-ils-aussi},
  publisher = {Middle East Forum},
  langid = {english}
}
```
Download .bib
RIS (Zotero, EndNote, Mendeley)
```
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ibrahim, Raymond
TI  - Le Judaïsme et le christianisme sont-ils aussi violents que l’islam?
T2  - Middle East Quarterly
JO  - Middle East Quarterly
VL  - 16
IS  - 3
PY  - 2009
DA  - 2009///Summer
UR  - https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/le-judaisme-et-le-christianisme-sont-ils-aussi
PB  - Middle East Forum
LA  - en
ER  - 
```
Download .ris