Summer 2025

Volume 32, Number 3

15 entries. Source: Issue contents page on www.meforum.org; book reviews listing.

10 entries in this issue were placed by meforum.org publication date and are marked as such. How placement works.

All citations in this issue: RIS BibTeX

Short summaries are written for this index from each article's text; they are not author abstracts. About the summaries.

Articles

Article

“Are You Alawite?”: A Call to Prevent Genocide in Syria

Warns that Alawites face renewed danger after the overthrow of their rule in Syria, tracing their historical marginalization and the risk of sectarian retribution.

Posted on meforum.org June 1, 2025. Read on meforum.org: “Are You Alawite?”: A Call to Prevent Genocide in Syria
Cite “Are You Alawite?”: A Call to Prevent Genocide in Syria
Chicago, Note
“‘Are You Alawite?’: A Call to Prevent Genocide in Syria,” Middle East Quarterly 32, no. 3 (Summer 2025), https://www.meforum.org/meq/are-you-alawite-a-call-to-prevent-genocide-in-syria.

Chicago, Bibliography
“‘Are You Alawite?’: A Call to Prevent Genocide in Syria.” Middle East Quarterly 32, no. 3 (Summer 2025). https://www.meforum.org/meq/are-you-alawite-a-call-to-prevent-genocide-in-syria.
BibTeX
```
@article{meq2025are_305e,
  title = {{“Are You Alawite?”: A Call to Prevent Genocide in Syria}},
  journal = {Middle East Quarterly},
  year = {2025},
  volume = {32},
  number = {3},
  month = {Summer},
  url = {https://www.meforum.org/meq/are-you-alawite-a-call-to-prevent-genocide-in-syria},
  publisher = {Middle East Forum},
  langid = {english}
}
```
Download .bib
RIS (Zotero, EndNote, Mendeley)
```
TY  - JOUR
TI  - “Are You Alawite?”: A Call to Prevent Genocide in Syria
T2  - Middle East Quarterly
JO  - Middle East Quarterly
VL  - 32
IS  - 3
PY  - 2025
DA  - 2025///Summer
UR  - https://www.meforum.org/meq/are-you-alawite-a-call-to-prevent-genocide-in-syria
PB  - Middle East Forum
LA  - en
ER  - 
```
Download .ris
Article

A Growing Security Threat: Iranian Intelligence Operations in Scandinavia (Part One: Denmark and Norway)

Examines Iranian intelligence activity in Denmark and Norway, arguing that limited scrutiny and weak government responses allow Tehran to operate with fewer consequences.

Posted on meforum.org June 1, 2025. Read on meforum.org: A Growing Security Threat: Iranian Intelligence Operations in Scandinavia (Part One: Denmark and Norway)
Cite A Growing Security Threat: Iranian Intelligence Operations in Scandinavia (Part One: Denmark and Norway)
Chicago, Note
“A Growing Security Threat: Iranian Intelligence Operations in Scandinavia (Part One: Denmark and Norway),” Middle East Quarterly 32, no. 3 (Summer 2025), https://www.meforum.org/meq/a-growing-security-threat-iranian-intelligence-operations-in-scandinavia-part-one-denmark-and-norway.

Chicago, Bibliography
“A Growing Security Threat: Iranian Intelligence Operations in Scandinavia (Part One: Denmark and Norway).” Middle East Quarterly 32, no. 3 (Summer 2025). https://www.meforum.org/meq/a-growing-security-threat-iranian-intelligence-operations-in-scandinavia-part-one-denmark-and-norway.
BibTeX
```
@article{meq2025growing_4321,
  title = {{A Growing Security Threat: Iranian Intelligence Operations in Scandinavia (Part One: Denmark and Norway)}},
  journal = {Middle East Quarterly},
  year = {2025},
  volume = {32},
  number = {3},
  month = {Summer},
  url = {https://www.meforum.org/meq/a-growing-security-threat-iranian-intelligence-operations-in-scandinavia-part-one-denmark-and-norway},
  publisher = {Middle East Forum},
  langid = {english}
}
```
Download .bib
RIS (Zotero, EndNote, Mendeley)
```
TY  - JOUR
TI  - A Growing Security Threat: Iranian Intelligence Operations in Scandinavia (Part One: Denmark and Norway)
T2  - Middle East Quarterly
JO  - Middle East Quarterly
VL  - 32
IS  - 3
PY  - 2025
DA  - 2025///Summer
UR  - https://www.meforum.org/meq/a-growing-security-threat-iranian-intelligence-operations-in-scandinavia-part-one-denmark-and-norway
PB  - Middle East Forum
LA  - en
ER  - 
```
Download .ris
Article

Iran’s Use of Psychological Warfare Against Its Adversaries and Strategies for Deterrence

Examines Iran’s state directed psychological operations and argues that sanctions have failed to disrupt the media and influence network targeting foreign adversaries.

Posted on meforum.org June 1, 2025. Read on meforum.org: Iran’s Use of Psychological Warfare Against Its Adversaries and Strategies for Deterrence
Cite Iran’s Use of Psychological Warfare Against Its Adversaries and Strategies for Deterrence
Chicago, Note
“Iran’s Use of Psychological Warfare Against Its Adversaries and Strategies for Deterrence,” Middle East Quarterly 32, no. 3 (Summer 2025), https://www.meforum.org/meq/irans-use-of-psychological-warfare-against-its-adversaries-and-strategies-for-deterrence.

Chicago, Bibliography
“Iran’s Use of Psychological Warfare Against Its Adversaries and Strategies for Deterrence.” Middle East Quarterly 32, no. 3 (Summer 2025). https://www.meforum.org/meq/irans-use-of-psychological-warfare-against-its-adversaries-and-strategies-for-deterrence.
BibTeX
```
@article{meq2025irans_3195,
  title = {{Iran’s Use of Psychological Warfare Against Its Adversaries and Strategies for Deterrence}},
  journal = {Middle East Quarterly},
  year = {2025},
  volume = {32},
  number = {3},
  month = {Summer},
  url = {https://www.meforum.org/meq/irans-use-of-psychological-warfare-against-its-adversaries-and-strategies-for-deterrence},
  publisher = {Middle East Forum},
  langid = {english}
}
```
Download .bib
RIS (Zotero, EndNote, Mendeley)
```
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Iran’s Use of Psychological Warfare Against Its Adversaries and Strategies for Deterrence
T2  - Middle East Quarterly
JO  - Middle East Quarterly
VL  - 32
IS  - 3
PY  - 2025
DA  - 2025///Summer
UR  - https://www.meforum.org/meq/irans-use-of-psychological-warfare-against-its-adversaries-and-strategies-for-deterrence
PB  - Middle East Forum
LA  - en
ER  - 
```
Download .ris
Article

Artificial Intelligence as a Pathway to Normalization Between Israel and Saudi Arabia: Post-Gaza War Prospects

Argues that cooperation between Israel and Saudi Arabia on artificial intelligence could advance both countries’ capabilities and help accelerate normalization despite the war.

Posted on meforum.org June 1, 2025. Read on meforum.org: Artificial Intelligence as a Pathway to Normalization Between Israel and Saudi Arabia: Post-Gaza War Prospects
Cite Artificial Intelligence as a Pathway to Normalization Between Israel and Saudi Arabia: Post-Gaza War Prospects
Chicago, Note
“Artificial Intelligence as a Pathway to Normalization Between Israel and Saudi Arabia: Post-Gaza War Prospects,” Middle East Quarterly 32, no. 3 (Summer 2025), https://www.meforum.org/meq/artificial-intelligence-as-a-pathway-to-normalization-between-israel-and-saudi-arabia-post-gaza-war-prospects.

Chicago, Bibliography
“Artificial Intelligence as a Pathway to Normalization Between Israel and Saudi Arabia: Post-Gaza War Prospects.” Middle East Quarterly 32, no. 3 (Summer 2025). https://www.meforum.org/meq/artificial-intelligence-as-a-pathway-to-normalization-between-israel-and-saudi-arabia-post-gaza-war-prospects.
BibTeX
```
@article{meq2025artificial_3428,
  title = {{Artificial Intelligence as a Pathway to Normalization Between Israel and Saudi Arabia: Post-Gaza War Prospects}},
  journal = {Middle East Quarterly},
  year = {2025},
  volume = {32},
  number = {3},
  month = {Summer},
  url = {https://www.meforum.org/meq/artificial-intelligence-as-a-pathway-to-normalization-between-israel-and-saudi-arabia-post-gaza-war-prospects},
  publisher = {Middle East Forum},
  langid = {english}
}
```
Download .bib
RIS (Zotero, EndNote, Mendeley)
```
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Artificial Intelligence as a Pathway to Normalization Between Israel and Saudi Arabia: Post-Gaza War Prospects
T2  - Middle East Quarterly
JO  - Middle East Quarterly
VL  - 32
IS  - 3
PY  - 2025
DA  - 2025///Summer
UR  - https://www.meforum.org/meq/artificial-intelligence-as-a-pathway-to-normalization-between-israel-and-saudi-arabia-post-gaza-war-prospects
PB  - Middle East Forum
LA  - en
ER  - 
```
Download .ris

Book Reviews

Book review

Being Jewish After the Destruction of Gaza

Reviewed by Dexter Van Zile

Reviews Peter Beinart’s book as arguing that Jewish self reform could enable peace, while faulting it for overlooking Islamist hostility and antisemitism.

Posted on meforum.org June 1, 2025. Issue assigned from publication date Read on meforum.org: Being Jewish After the Destruction of Gaza
Cite Being Jewish After the Destruction of Gaza
Chicago, Note
Dexter Van Zile, “Being Jewish After the Destruction of Gaza,” review, Middle East Quarterly 32, no. 3 (Summer 2025), https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/book-reviews/being-jewish-after-the-destruction-of-gaza.

Chicago, Bibliography
Zile, Dexter Van. “Being Jewish After the Destruction of Gaza.” Review. Middle East Quarterly 32, no. 3 (Summer 2025). https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/book-reviews/being-jewish-after-the-destruction-of-gaza.
BibTeX
```
@article{zile2025being_19fc,
  author = {Zile, Dexter Van},
  title = {{Being Jewish After the Destruction of Gaza}},
  journal = {Middle East Quarterly},
  year = {2025},
  volume = {32},
  number = {3},
  month = {Summer},
  url = {https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/book-reviews/being-jewish-after-the-destruction-of-gaza},
  publisher = {Middle East Forum},
  langid = {english},
  note = {Book review}
}
```
Download .bib
RIS (Zotero, EndNote, Mendeley)
```
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zile, Dexter Van
TI  - Being Jewish After the Destruction of Gaza
T2  - Middle East Quarterly
JO  - Middle East Quarterly
VL  - 32
IS  - 3
PY  - 2025
DA  - 2025///Summer
UR  - https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/book-reviews/being-jewish-after-the-destruction-of-gaza
PB  - Middle East Forum
LA  - en
N1  - Book review
ER  - 
```
Download .ris
Book review

Endurance: Speaking Kurdish in a Warped World

Reviewed by Sirwan Kajjo

Reviews Pillen’s study of Kurmanji in Turkey, portraying Kurdish speech as resilience and exploring its connections to identity, oppression, and community experience.

Posted on meforum.org June 1, 2025. Issue assigned from publication date Read on meforum.org: Endurance: Speaking Kurdish in a Warped World
Cite Endurance: Speaking Kurdish in a Warped World
Chicago, Note
Sirwan Kajjo, “Endurance: Speaking Kurdish in a Warped World,” review, Middle East Quarterly 32, no. 3 (Summer 2025), https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/book-reviews/endurance-speaking-kurdish-in-a-warped-world.

Chicago, Bibliography
Kajjo, Sirwan. “Endurance: Speaking Kurdish in a Warped World.” Review. Middle East Quarterly 32, no. 3 (Summer 2025). https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/book-reviews/endurance-speaking-kurdish-in-a-warped-world.
BibTeX
```
@article{kajjo2025endurance_c552,
  author = {Kajjo, Sirwan},
  title = {{Endurance: Speaking Kurdish in a Warped World}},
  journal = {Middle East Quarterly},
  year = {2025},
  volume = {32},
  number = {3},
  month = {Summer},
  url = {https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/book-reviews/endurance-speaking-kurdish-in-a-warped-world},
  publisher = {Middle East Forum},
  langid = {english},
  note = {Book review}
}
```
Download .bib
RIS (Zotero, EndNote, Mendeley)
```
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kajjo, Sirwan
TI  - Endurance: Speaking Kurdish in a Warped World
T2  - Middle East Quarterly
JO  - Middle East Quarterly
VL  - 32
IS  - 3
PY  - 2025
DA  - 2025///Summer
UR  - https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/book-reviews/endurance-speaking-kurdish-in-a-warped-world
PB  - Middle East Forum
LA  - en
N1  - Book review
ER  - 
```
Download .ris
Book review

Handbook of Islamic Sects and Movements

Reviewed by Mark Durie

Reviews Handbook of Islamic Sects and Movements, judging it a clear introduction to diverse Islamic groups but insufficiently detailed for specialists.

Posted on meforum.org June 1, 2025. Issue assigned from publication date Read on meforum.org: Handbook of Islamic Sects and Movements
Cite Handbook of Islamic Sects and Movements
Chicago, Note
Mark Durie, “Handbook of Islamic Sects and Movements,” review, Middle East Quarterly 32, no. 3 (Summer 2025), https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/book-reviews/handbook-of-islamic-sects-and-movements.

Chicago, Bibliography
Durie, Mark. “Handbook of Islamic Sects and Movements.” Review. Middle East Quarterly 32, no. 3 (Summer 2025). https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/book-reviews/handbook-of-islamic-sects-and-movements.
BibTeX
```
@article{durie2025handbook_88ee,
  author = {Durie, Mark},
  title = {{Handbook of Islamic Sects and Movements}},
  journal = {Middle East Quarterly},
  year = {2025},
  volume = {32},
  number = {3},
  month = {Summer},
  url = {https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/book-reviews/handbook-of-islamic-sects-and-movements},
  publisher = {Middle East Forum},
  langid = {english},
  note = {Book review}
}
```
Download .bib
RIS (Zotero, EndNote, Mendeley)
```
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Durie, Mark
TI  - Handbook of Islamic Sects and Movements
T2  - Middle East Quarterly
JO  - Middle East Quarterly
VL  - 32
IS  - 3
PY  - 2025
DA  - 2025///Summer
UR  - https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/book-reviews/handbook-of-islamic-sects-and-movements
PB  - Middle East Forum
LA  - en
N1  - Book review
ER  - 
```
Download .ris
Book review

Heroes to Hostages: America and Iran, 1800-1988

Reviewed by Michael Rubin. Book by Firoozeh Kashani-Sabet

Reviews Heroes to Hostages, finding Kashani-Sabet’s history of U.S.-Iran relations a useful contribution despite weaknesses in its recent coverage.

Posted on meforum.org June 1, 2025. Issue assigned from publication date Read on meforum.org: Heroes to Hostages: America and Iran, 1800-1988
Cite Heroes to Hostages: America and Iran, 1800-1988
Chicago, Note
Michael Rubin, “Heroes to Hostages: America and Iran, 1800-1988,” review, Middle East Quarterly 32, no. 3 (Summer 2025), https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/book-reviews/heroes-to-hostages-america-and-iran-1800-1988.

Chicago, Bibliography
Rubin, Michael. “Heroes to Hostages: America and Iran, 1800-1988.” Review. Middle East Quarterly 32, no. 3 (Summer 2025). https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/book-reviews/heroes-to-hostages-america-and-iran-1800-1988.
BibTeX
```
@article{rubin2025heroes_f5ac,
  author = {Rubin, Michael},
  title = {{Heroes to Hostages: America and Iran, 1800-1988}},
  journal = {Middle East Quarterly},
  year = {2025},
  volume = {32},
  number = {3},
  month = {Summer},
  url = {https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/book-reviews/heroes-to-hostages-america-and-iran-1800-1988},
  publisher = {Middle East Forum},
  langid = {english},
  note = {Book review}
}
```
Download .bib
RIS (Zotero, EndNote, Mendeley)
```
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rubin, Michael
TI  - Heroes to Hostages: America and Iran, 1800-1988
T2  - Middle East Quarterly
JO  - Middle East Quarterly
VL  - 32
IS  - 3
PY  - 2025
DA  - 2025///Summer
UR  - https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/book-reviews/heroes-to-hostages-america-and-iran-1800-1988
PB  - Middle East Forum
LA  - en
N1  - Book review
ER  - 
```
Download .ris
Book review

Islamesque: The Forgotten Craftsmen Who Built Europe’s Medieval Monuments

Reviewed by Robert Spencer

Reviews Islamesque, rejecting Darke’s argument that Islamic craftsmen shaped Romanesque monuments and finding her account neglects Byzantine influence.

Posted on meforum.org June 1, 2025. Issue assigned from publication date Read on meforum.org: Islamesque: The Forgotten Craftsmen Who Built Europe’s Medieval Monuments
Cite Islamesque: The Forgotten Craftsmen Who Built Europe’s Medieval Monuments
Chicago, Note
Robert Spencer, “Islamesque: The Forgotten Craftsmen Who Built Europe’s Medieval Monuments,” review, Middle East Quarterly 32, no. 3 (Summer 2025), https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/book-reviews/islamesque-the-forgotten-craftsmen-who-built-europes-medieval-monuments.

Chicago, Bibliography
Spencer, Robert. “Islamesque: The Forgotten Craftsmen Who Built Europe’s Medieval Monuments.” Review. Middle East Quarterly 32, no. 3 (Summer 2025). https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/book-reviews/islamesque-the-forgotten-craftsmen-who-built-europes-medieval-monuments.
BibTeX
```
@article{spencer2025islamesque_191b,
  author = {Spencer, Robert},
  title = {{Islamesque: The Forgotten Craftsmen Who Built Europe’s Medieval Monuments}},
  journal = {Middle East Quarterly},
  year = {2025},
  volume = {32},
  number = {3},
  month = {Summer},
  url = {https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/book-reviews/islamesque-the-forgotten-craftsmen-who-built-europes-medieval-monuments},
  publisher = {Middle East Forum},
  langid = {english},
  note = {Book review}
}
```
Download .bib
RIS (Zotero, EndNote, Mendeley)
```
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Spencer, Robert
TI  - Islamesque: The Forgotten Craftsmen Who Built Europe’s Medieval Monuments
T2  - Middle East Quarterly
JO  - Middle East Quarterly
VL  - 32
IS  - 3
PY  - 2025
DA  - 2025///Summer
UR  - https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/book-reviews/islamesque-the-forgotten-craftsmen-who-built-europes-medieval-monuments
PB  - Middle East Forum
LA  - en
N1  - Book review
ER  - 
```
Download .ris
Book review

Israel and Civilization: The Fate of the Jewish Nation and the Destiny of the West

Reviewed by Alex Selsky

Reviews Israel and Civilization, presenting Hammer’s argument that Israel’s fate is linked to Judeo-Christian foundations and the future of Western civilization.

Posted on meforum.org June 1, 2025. Issue assigned from publication date Read on meforum.org: Israel and Civilization: The Fate of the Jewish Nation and the Destiny of the West
Cite Israel and Civilization: The Fate of the Jewish Nation and the Destiny of the West
Chicago, Note
Alex Selsky, “Israel and Civilization: The Fate of the Jewish Nation and the Destiny of the West,” review, Middle East Quarterly 32, no. 3 (Summer 2025), https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/book-reviews/israel-and-civilization-the-fate-of-the-jewish-nation-and-the-destiny-of-the-west.

Chicago, Bibliography
Selsky, Alex. “Israel and Civilization: The Fate of the Jewish Nation and the Destiny of the West.” Review. Middle East Quarterly 32, no. 3 (Summer 2025). https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/book-reviews/israel-and-civilization-the-fate-of-the-jewish-nation-and-the-destiny-of-the-west.
BibTeX
```
@article{selsky2025israel_2156,
  author = {Selsky, Alex},
  title = {{Israel and Civilization: The Fate of the Jewish Nation and the Destiny of the West}},
  journal = {Middle East Quarterly},
  year = {2025},
  volume = {32},
  number = {3},
  month = {Summer},
  url = {https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/book-reviews/israel-and-civilization-the-fate-of-the-jewish-nation-and-the-destiny-of-the-west},
  publisher = {Middle East Forum},
  langid = {english},
  note = {Book review}
}
```
Download .bib
RIS (Zotero, EndNote, Mendeley)
```
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Selsky, Alex
TI  - Israel and Civilization: The Fate of the Jewish Nation and the Destiny of the West
T2  - Middle East Quarterly
JO  - Middle East Quarterly
VL  - 32
IS  - 3
PY  - 2025
DA  - 2025///Summer
UR  - https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/book-reviews/israel-and-civilization-the-fate-of-the-jewish-nation-and-the-destiny-of-the-west
PB  - Middle East Forum
LA  - en
N1  - Book review
ER  - 
```
Download .ris
Book review

Jerusalem on Earth: Clamoring at Heaven’s Gate: Post-Six Day War Jerusalem

Reviewed by Jonathan Spyer

Reviews Jerusalem on Earth, finding that Rabinovich’s journalistic portraits offer a layered, unsentimental account of Jerusalem between the Six-Day War and the First Intifada.

Posted on meforum.org June 1, 2025. Issue assigned from publication date Read on meforum.org: Jerusalem on Earth: Clamoring at Heaven’s Gate: Post-Six Day War Jerusalem
Cite Jerusalem on Earth: Clamoring at Heaven’s Gate: Post-Six Day War Jerusalem
Chicago, Note
Jonathan Spyer, “Jerusalem on Earth: Clamoring at Heaven’s Gate: Post-Six Day War Jerusalem,” review, Middle East Quarterly 32, no. 3 (Summer 2025), https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/book-reviews/jerusalem-on-earth-clamoring-at-heavens-gate-post-six-day-war-jerusalem.

Chicago, Bibliography
Spyer, Jonathan. “Jerusalem on Earth: Clamoring at Heaven’s Gate: Post-Six Day War Jerusalem.” Review. Middle East Quarterly 32, no. 3 (Summer 2025). https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/book-reviews/jerusalem-on-earth-clamoring-at-heavens-gate-post-six-day-war-jerusalem.
BibTeX
```
@article{spyer2025jerusalem_a1db,
  author = {Spyer, Jonathan},
  title = {{Jerusalem on Earth: Clamoring at Heaven’s Gate: Post-Six Day War Jerusalem}},
  journal = {Middle East Quarterly},
  year = {2025},
  volume = {32},
  number = {3},
  month = {Summer},
  url = {https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/book-reviews/jerusalem-on-earth-clamoring-at-heavens-gate-post-six-day-war-jerusalem},
  publisher = {Middle East Forum},
  langid = {english},
  note = {Book review}
}
```
Download .bib
RIS (Zotero, EndNote, Mendeley)
```
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Spyer, Jonathan
TI  - Jerusalem on Earth: Clamoring at Heaven’s Gate: Post-Six Day War Jerusalem
T2  - Middle East Quarterly
JO  - Middle East Quarterly
VL  - 32
IS  - 3
PY  - 2025
DA  - 2025///Summer
UR  - https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/book-reviews/jerusalem-on-earth-clamoring-at-heavens-gate-post-six-day-war-jerusalem
PB  - Middle East Forum
LA  - en
N1  - Book review
ER  - 
```
Download .ris
Book review

Leaving Islam, Ex-Muslims, and Zemiology

Reviewed by Duane Alexander Miller

Reviews Leaving Islam, Ex-Muslims, and Zemiology, valuing Lenartowicz’s interviews while emphasizing their accounts of harm and fear among apostates in Europe.

Posted on meforum.org June 1, 2025. Issue assigned from publication date Read on meforum.org: Leaving Islam, Ex-Muslims, and Zemiology
Cite Leaving Islam, Ex-Muslims, and Zemiology
Chicago, Note
Duane Alexander Miller, “Leaving Islam, Ex-Muslims, and Zemiology,” review, Middle East Quarterly 32, no. 3 (Summer 2025), https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/book-reviews/leaving-islam-ex-muslims-and-zemiology.

Chicago, Bibliography
Miller, Duane Alexander. “Leaving Islam, Ex-Muslims, and Zemiology.” Review. Middle East Quarterly 32, no. 3 (Summer 2025). https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/book-reviews/leaving-islam-ex-muslims-and-zemiology.
BibTeX
```
@article{miller2025leaving_3922,
  author = {Miller, Duane Alexander},
  title = {{Leaving Islam, Ex-Muslims, and Zemiology}},
  journal = {Middle East Quarterly},
  year = {2025},
  volume = {32},
  number = {3},
  month = {Summer},
  url = {https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/book-reviews/leaving-islam-ex-muslims-and-zemiology},
  publisher = {Middle East Forum},
  langid = {english},
  note = {Book review}
}
```
Download .bib
RIS (Zotero, EndNote, Mendeley)
```
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Miller, Duane Alexander
TI  - Leaving Islam, Ex-Muslims, and Zemiology
T2  - Middle East Quarterly
JO  - Middle East Quarterly
VL  - 32
IS  - 3
PY  - 2025
DA  - 2025///Summer
UR  - https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/book-reviews/leaving-islam-ex-muslims-and-zemiology
PB  - Middle East Forum
LA  - en
N1  - Book review
ER  - 
```
Download .ris
Book review

Polluted Politics: The Development of an Israeli-Palestinian E-Waste Economy

Reviewed by Alex Selsky. Book by Davis and Garb

Reviews a study of Palestinian e-waste recycling, which portrays recyclers as economic agents but faults the book for lacking global context and singling out Israel.

Posted on meforum.org June 1, 2025. Issue assigned from publication date Read on meforum.org: Polluted Politics: The Development of an Israeli-Palestinian E-Waste Economy
Cite Polluted Politics: The Development of an Israeli-Palestinian E-Waste Economy
Chicago, Note
Alex Selsky, “Polluted Politics: The Development of an Israeli-Palestinian E-Waste Economy,” review, Middle East Quarterly 32, no. 3 (Summer 2025), https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/book-reviews/polluted-politics-the-development-of-an-israeli-palestinian-e-waste-economy.

Chicago, Bibliography
Selsky, Alex. “Polluted Politics: The Development of an Israeli-Palestinian E-Waste Economy.” Review. Middle East Quarterly 32, no. 3 (Summer 2025). https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/book-reviews/polluted-politics-the-development-of-an-israeli-palestinian-e-waste-economy.
BibTeX
```
@article{selsky2025polluted_616f,
  author = {Selsky, Alex},
  title = {{Polluted Politics: The Development of an Israeli-Palestinian E-Waste Economy}},
  journal = {Middle East Quarterly},
  year = {2025},
  volume = {32},
  number = {3},
  month = {Summer},
  url = {https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/book-reviews/polluted-politics-the-development-of-an-israeli-palestinian-e-waste-economy},
  publisher = {Middle East Forum},
  langid = {english},
  note = {Book review}
}
```
Download .bib
RIS (Zotero, EndNote, Mendeley)
```
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Selsky, Alex
TI  - Polluted Politics: The Development of an Israeli-Palestinian E-Waste Economy
T2  - Middle East Quarterly
JO  - Middle East Quarterly
VL  - 32
IS  - 3
PY  - 2025
DA  - 2025///Summer
UR  - https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/book-reviews/polluted-politics-the-development-of-an-israeli-palestinian-e-waste-economy
PB  - Middle East Forum
LA  - en
N1  - Book review
ER  - 
```
Download .ris
Book review

The Renegade (Il Rinnegato)

Reviewed by Niram Ferretti. Book by Ariel Toaff

Reviews The Renegade, a historical novel set in Ottoman Palestine, and concludes that Toaff’s fiction lacks novelistic skill and compounds earlier controversy.

Posted on meforum.org June 1, 2025. Issue assigned from publication date Read on meforum.org: The Renegade (Il Rinnegato)
Cite The Renegade (Il Rinnegato)
Chicago, Note
Niram Ferretti, “The Renegade (Il Rinnegato),” review, Middle East Quarterly 32, no. 3 (Summer 2025), https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/book-reviews/the-renegade-il-rinnegato.

Chicago, Bibliography
Ferretti, Niram. “The Renegade (Il Rinnegato).” Review. Middle East Quarterly 32, no. 3 (Summer 2025). https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/book-reviews/the-renegade-il-rinnegato.
BibTeX
```
@article{ferretti2025renegade_c9dc,
  author = {Ferretti, Niram},
  title = {{The Renegade (Il Rinnegato)}},
  journal = {Middle East Quarterly},
  year = {2025},
  volume = {32},
  number = {3},
  month = {Summer},
  url = {https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/book-reviews/the-renegade-il-rinnegato},
  publisher = {Middle East Forum},
  langid = {english},
  note = {Book review}
}
```
Download .bib
RIS (Zotero, EndNote, Mendeley)
```
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ferretti, Niram
TI  - The Renegade (Il Rinnegato)
T2  - Middle East Quarterly
JO  - Middle East Quarterly
VL  - 32
IS  - 3
PY  - 2025
DA  - 2025///Summer
UR  - https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/book-reviews/the-renegade-il-rinnegato
PB  - Middle East Forum
LA  - en
N1  - Book review
ER  - 
```
Download .ris

Brief Reviews

Brief reviews

Brief Reviews

Posted on meforum.org June 1, 2025. Read on meforum.org: Brief Reviews

Cite

Chicago, Note

“Brief Reviews,” Middle East Quarterly 32, no. 3 (Summer 2025), https://www.meforum.org/meq/brief-reviews-summer-2025.

Chicago, Bibliography

“Brief Reviews.” Middle East Quarterly 32, no. 3 (Summer 2025). https://www.meforum.org/meq/brief-reviews-summer-2025.

BibTeX

@article{meq2025brief_7d48,
  title = {{Brief Reviews}},
  journal = {Middle East Quarterly},
  year = {2025},
  volume = {32},
  number = {3},
  month = {Summer},
  url = {https://www.meforum.org/meq/brief-reviews-summer-2025},
  publisher = {Middle East Forum},
  langid = {english}
}

Download .bib

RIS (Zotero, EndNote, Mendeley)

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Brief Reviews
T2  - Middle East Quarterly
JO  - Middle East Quarterly
VL  - 32
IS  - 3
PY  - 2025
DA  - 2025///Summer
UR  - https://www.meforum.org/meq/brief-reviews-summer-2025
PB  - Middle East Forum
LA  - en
ER  -

Download .ris