Summer 1997

Volume 4, Number 3

12 entries. Source: Issue contents page on www.meforum.org.

All citations in this issue: RIS BibTeX

Short summaries are written for this index from each article's text; they are not author abstracts. About the summaries.

Articles

Article

Muslims and the U.S. Election of ‘96

Khalid Durán

Examines Muslim Americans’ participation in the 1996 presidential election, tracing debate over political engagement and the emergence of a potentially influential Muslim vote.

Posted on meforum.org June 1, 1997. Read on meforum.org: Muslims and the U.S. Election of ‘96
Cite Muslims and the U.S. Election of ‘96
Chicago, Note
Khalid Durán, “Muslims and the U.S. Election of ‘96,” Middle East Quarterly 4, no. 3 (Summer 1997), https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/muslims-and-the-us-election-of-96.

Chicago, Bibliography
Durán, Khalid. “Muslims and the U.S. Election of ‘96.” Middle East Quarterly 4, no. 3 (Summer 1997). https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/muslims-and-the-us-election-of-96.
BibTeX
```
@article{duran1997muslims_ea80,
  author = {Durán, Khalid},
  title = {{Muslims and the U.S. Election of ‘96}},
  journal = {Middle East Quarterly},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {4},
  number = {3},
  month = {Summer},
  url = {https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/muslims-and-the-us-election-of-96},
  publisher = {Middle East Forum},
  langid = {english}
}
```
Download .bib
RIS (Zotero, EndNote, Mendeley)
```
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Durán, Khalid
TI  - Muslims and the U.S. Election of ‘96
T2  - Middle East Quarterly
JO  - Middle East Quarterly
VL  - 4
IS  - 3
PY  - 1997
DA  - 1997///Summer
UR  - https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/muslims-and-the-us-election-of-96
PB  - Middle East Forum
LA  - en
ER  - 
```
Download .ris
Article

Has Oslo Brought a Peace Dividend?

Steven Plaut

Assesses whether the Oslo process has delivered an economic peace dividend, examining promised benefits for Israelis and Palestinians amid continuing conflict and uncertainty.

Posted on meforum.org June 1, 1997. Read on meforum.org: Has Oslo Brought a Peace Dividend?
Cite Has Oslo Brought a Peace Dividend?
Chicago, Note
Steven Plaut, “Has Oslo Brought a Peace Dividend?” Middle East Quarterly 4, no. 3 (Summer 1997), https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/has-oslo-brought-a-peace-dividend.

Chicago, Bibliography
Plaut, Steven. “Has Oslo Brought a Peace Dividend?” Middle East Quarterly 4, no. 3 (Summer 1997). https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/has-oslo-brought-a-peace-dividend.
BibTeX
```
@article{plaut1997has_c92a,
  author = {Plaut, Steven},
  title = {{Has Oslo Brought a Peace Dividend?}},
  journal = {Middle East Quarterly},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {4},
  number = {3},
  month = {Summer},
  url = {https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/has-oslo-brought-a-peace-dividend},
  publisher = {Middle East Forum},
  langid = {english}
}
```
Download .bib
RIS (Zotero, EndNote, Mendeley)
```
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Plaut, Steven
TI  - Has Oslo Brought a Peace Dividend?
T2  - Middle East Quarterly
JO  - Middle East Quarterly
VL  - 4
IS  - 3
PY  - 1997
DA  - 1997///Summer
UR  - https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/has-oslo-brought-a-peace-dividend
PB  - Middle East Forum
LA  - en
ER  - 
```
Download .ris
Article

Syria’s Troubled Economic Future

Eliyahu Kanovsky

Assesses Syria’s economic prospects under Hafiz al-Asad and outlines oil dependence, ties to Lebanon, and military spending as central issues.

Posted on meforum.org June 1, 1997. Read on meforum.org: Syria’s Troubled Economic Future
Cite Syria’s Troubled Economic Future
Chicago, Note
Eliyahu Kanovsky, “Syria’s Troubled Economic Future,” Middle East Quarterly 4, no. 3 (Summer 1997), https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/syrias-troubled-economic-future.

Chicago, Bibliography
Kanovsky, Eliyahu. “Syria’s Troubled Economic Future.” Middle East Quarterly 4, no. 3 (Summer 1997). https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/syrias-troubled-economic-future.
BibTeX
```
@article{kanovsky1997syrias_81fa,
  author = {Kanovsky, Eliyahu},
  title = {{Syria’s Troubled Economic Future}},
  journal = {Middle East Quarterly},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {4},
  number = {3},
  month = {Summer},
  url = {https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/syrias-troubled-economic-future},
  publisher = {Middle East Forum},
  langid = {english}
}
```
Download .bib
RIS (Zotero, EndNote, Mendeley)
```
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kanovsky, Eliyahu
TI  - Syria’s Troubled Economic Future
T2  - Middle East Quarterly
JO  - Middle East Quarterly
VL  - 4
IS  - 3
PY  - 1997
DA  - 1997///Summer
UR  - https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/syrias-troubled-economic-future
PB  - Middle East Forum
LA  - en
ER  - 
```
Download .ris
Article

The Strangely Parallel Careers of Israel and Pakistan

P. R. Kumaraswamy

Compares Israel and Pakistan as ideologically defined states, tracing shared origins and contrasting their historical backgrounds and political development.

Posted on meforum.org June 1, 1997. Read on meforum.org: The Strangely Parallel Careers of Israel and Pakistan
Cite The Strangely Parallel Careers of Israel and Pakistan
Chicago, Note
P. R. Kumaraswamy, “The Strangely Parallel Careers of Israel and Pakistan,” Middle East Quarterly 4, no. 3 (Summer 1997), https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/the-strangely-parallel-careers-of-israel.

Chicago, Bibliography
Kumaraswamy, P. R. “The Strangely Parallel Careers of Israel and Pakistan.” Middle East Quarterly 4, no. 3 (Summer 1997). https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/the-strangely-parallel-careers-of-israel.
BibTeX
```
@article{kumaraswamy1997strangely_0cb4,
  author = {Kumaraswamy, P. R.},
  title = {{The Strangely Parallel Careers of Israel and Pakistan}},
  journal = {Middle East Quarterly},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {4},
  number = {3},
  month = {Summer},
  url = {https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/the-strangely-parallel-careers-of-israel},
  publisher = {Middle East Forum},
  langid = {english}
}
```
Download .bib
RIS (Zotero, EndNote, Mendeley)
```
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kumaraswamy, P. R.
TI  - The Strangely Parallel Careers of Israel and Pakistan
T2  - Middle East Quarterly
JO  - Middle East Quarterly
VL  - 4
IS  - 3
PY  - 1997
DA  - 1997///Summer
UR  - https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/the-strangely-parallel-careers-of-israel
PB  - Middle East Forum
LA  - en
ER  - 
```
Download .ris
Article

How Special Is the U.S.-Israel Relationship?

Mitchell Bard and Daniel Pipes

Examines the depth of U.S.-Israel ties across diplomatic, military, economic, academic, religious, and personal relations, alongside periods of tension.

Posted on meforum.org June 1, 1997. Read on meforum.org: How Special Is the U.S.-Israel Relationship?
Cite How Special Is the U.S.-Israel Relationship?
Chicago, Note
Mitchell Bard and Daniel Pipes, “How Special Is the U.S.-Israel Relationship?” Middle East Quarterly 4, no. 3 (Summer 1997), https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/how-special-is-the-us-israel-relationship.

Chicago, Bibliography
Bard, Mitchell, and Daniel Pipes. “How Special Is the U.S.-Israel Relationship?” Middle East Quarterly 4, no. 3 (Summer 1997). https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/how-special-is-the-us-israel-relationship.
BibTeX
```
@article{bard1997how_fef3,
  author = {Bard, Mitchell and Pipes, Daniel},
  title = {{How Special Is the U.S.-Israel Relationship?}},
  journal = {Middle East Quarterly},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {4},
  number = {3},
  month = {Summer},
  url = {https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/how-special-is-the-us-israel-relationship},
  publisher = {Middle East Forum},
  langid = {english}
}
```
Download .bib
RIS (Zotero, EndNote, Mendeley)
```
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bard, Mitchell
AU  - Pipes, Daniel
TI  - How Special Is the U.S.-Israel Relationship?
T2  - Middle East Quarterly
JO  - Middle East Quarterly
VL  - 4
IS  - 3
PY  - 1997
DA  - 1997///Summer
UR  - https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/how-special-is-the-us-israel-relationship
PB  - Middle East Forum
LA  - en
ER  - 
```
Download .ris
Article

Erbakan’s Turkey: Ready for Business?

Melih Dogan

Assesses how Refah’s role in Turkey’s coalition government may affect business, arguing that constraints from partners and institutions limit its economic influence.

Posted on meforum.org June 1, 1997. Read on meforum.org: Erbakan’s Turkey: Ready for Business?
Cite Erbakan’s Turkey: Ready for Business?
Chicago, Note
Melih Dogan, “Erbakan’s Turkey: Ready for Business?” Middle East Quarterly 4, no. 3 (Summer 1997), https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/erbakans-turkey-ready-for-business.

Chicago, Bibliography
Dogan, Melih. “Erbakan’s Turkey: Ready for Business?” Middle East Quarterly 4, no. 3 (Summer 1997). https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/erbakans-turkey-ready-for-business.
BibTeX
```
@article{dogan1997erbakans_553e,
  author = {Dogan, Melih},
  title = {{Erbakan’s Turkey: Ready for Business?}},
  journal = {Middle East Quarterly},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {4},
  number = {3},
  month = {Summer},
  url = {https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/erbakans-turkey-ready-for-business},
  publisher = {Middle East Forum},
  langid = {english}
}
```
Download .bib
RIS (Zotero, EndNote, Mendeley)
```
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dogan, Melih
TI  - Erbakan’s Turkey: Ready for Business?
T2  - Middle East Quarterly
JO  - Middle East Quarterly
VL  - 4
IS  - 3
PY  - 1997
DA  - 1997///Summer
UR  - https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/erbakans-turkey-ready-for-business
PB  - Middle East Forum
LA  - en
ER  - 
```
Download .ris
Article

On the Road: Coping in Islamic Iran

Michael Rubin

Reports on daily life in Iran, describing economic decline, rising crime, cultural restrictions, and struggles among citizens and political factions.

Posted on meforum.org June 1, 1997. Read on meforum.org: On the Road: Coping in Islamic Iran
Cite On the Road: Coping in Islamic Iran
Chicago, Note
Michael Rubin, “On the Road: Coping in Islamic Iran,” Middle East Quarterly 4, no. 3 (Summer 1997), https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/on-the-road-coping-in-islamic-iran.

Chicago, Bibliography
Rubin, Michael. “On the Road: Coping in Islamic Iran.” Middle East Quarterly 4, no. 3 (Summer 1997). https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/on-the-road-coping-in-islamic-iran.
BibTeX
```
@article{rubin1997road_41f3,
  author = {Rubin, Michael},
  title = {{On the Road: Coping in Islamic Iran}},
  journal = {Middle East Quarterly},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {4},
  number = {3},
  month = {Summer},
  url = {https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/on-the-road-coping-in-islamic-iran},
  publisher = {Middle East Forum},
  langid = {english}
}
```
Download .bib
RIS (Zotero, EndNote, Mendeley)
```
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rubin, Michael
TI  - On the Road: Coping in Islamic Iran
T2  - Middle East Quarterly
JO  - Middle East Quarterly
VL  - 4
IS  - 3
PY  - 1997
DA  - 1997///Summer
UR  - https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/on-the-road-coping-in-islamic-iran
PB  - Middle East Forum
LA  - en
ER  - 
```
Download .ris
Article

Israel’s South Lebanon Imbroglio

Laura Zittrain Eisenberg

Traces Israel’s involvement in south Lebanon and examines whether continued control of a security zone or unilateral withdrawal offers a viable policy.

Posted on meforum.org June 1, 1997. Read on meforum.org: Israel’s South Lebanon Imbroglio
Cite Israel’s South Lebanon Imbroglio
Chicago, Note
Laura Zittrain Eisenberg, “Israel’s South Lebanon Imbroglio,” Middle East Quarterly 4, no. 3 (Summer 1997), https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/israels-south-lebanon-imbroglio.

Chicago, Bibliography
Eisenberg, Laura Zittrain. “Israel’s South Lebanon Imbroglio.” Middle East Quarterly 4, no. 3 (Summer 1997). https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/israels-south-lebanon-imbroglio.
BibTeX
```
@article{eisenberg1997israels_89a8,
  author = {Eisenberg, Laura Zittrain},
  title = {{Israel’s South Lebanon Imbroglio}},
  journal = {Middle East Quarterly},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {4},
  number = {3},
  month = {Summer},
  url = {https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/israels-south-lebanon-imbroglio},
  publisher = {Middle East Forum},
  langid = {english}
}
```
Download .bib
RIS (Zotero, EndNote, Mendeley)
```
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Eisenberg, Laura Zittrain
TI  - Israel’s South Lebanon Imbroglio
T2  - Middle East Quarterly
JO  - Middle East Quarterly
VL  - 4
IS  - 3
PY  - 1997
DA  - 1997///Summer
UR  - https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/israels-south-lebanon-imbroglio
PB  - Middle East Forum
LA  - en
ER  - 
```
Download .ris
Article

Steven Emerson: Get Ready for Twenty World Trade Center Bombings

Interviews Steven Emerson about the threat posed by fundamentalist Muslim groups in the United States and their activities and intentions.

Posted on meforum.org June 1, 1997. Read on meforum.org: Steven Emerson: Get Ready for Twenty World Trade Center Bombings
Cite Steven Emerson: Get Ready for Twenty World Trade Center Bombings
Chicago, Note
“Steven Emerson: Get Ready for Twenty World Trade Center Bombings,” Middle East Quarterly 4, no. 3 (Summer 1997), https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/steven-emerson-get-ready-for-twenty-world-trade.

Chicago, Bibliography
“Steven Emerson: Get Ready for Twenty World Trade Center Bombings.” Middle East Quarterly 4, no. 3 (Summer 1997). https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/steven-emerson-get-ready-for-twenty-world-trade.
BibTeX
```
@article{meq1997steven_61b9,
  title = {{Steven Emerson: Get Ready for Twenty World Trade Center Bombings}},
  journal = {Middle East Quarterly},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {4},
  number = {3},
  month = {Summer},
  url = {https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/steven-emerson-get-ready-for-twenty-world-trade},
  publisher = {Middle East Forum},
  langid = {english}
}
```
Download .bib
RIS (Zotero, EndNote, Mendeley)
```
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Steven Emerson: Get Ready for Twenty World Trade Center Bombings
T2  - Middle East Quarterly
JO  - Middle East Quarterly
VL  - 4
IS  - 3
PY  - 1997
DA  - 1997///Summer
UR  - https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/steven-emerson-get-ready-for-twenty-world-trade
PB  - Middle East Forum
LA  - en
ER  - 
```
Download .ris
Article

Why Jonathan Pollard Got Life

David Zwiebel

Examines the government’s case for Jonathan Pollard’s life sentence, presenting its victim impact statement and discussing the sentence’s severity.

Posted on meforum.org June 1, 1997. Read on meforum.org: Why Jonathan Pollard Got Life
Cite Why Jonathan Pollard Got Life
Chicago, Note
David Zwiebel, “Why Jonathan Pollard Got Life,” Middle East Quarterly 4, no. 3 (Summer 1997), https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/why-jonathan-pollard-got-life.

Chicago, Bibliography
Zwiebel, David. “Why Jonathan Pollard Got Life.” Middle East Quarterly 4, no. 3 (Summer 1997). https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/why-jonathan-pollard-got-life.
BibTeX
```
@article{zwiebel1997why_44a7,
  author = {Zwiebel, David},
  title = {{Why Jonathan Pollard Got Life}},
  journal = {Middle East Quarterly},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {4},
  number = {3},
  month = {Summer},
  url = {https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/why-jonathan-pollard-got-life},
  publisher = {Middle East Forum},
  langid = {english}
}
```
Download .bib
RIS (Zotero, EndNote, Mendeley)
```
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zwiebel, David
TI  - Why Jonathan Pollard Got Life
T2  - Middle East Quarterly
JO  - Middle East Quarterly
VL  - 4
IS  - 3
PY  - 1997
DA  - 1997///Summer
UR  - https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/why-jonathan-pollard-got-life
PB  - Middle East Forum
LA  - en
ER  - 
```
Download .ris

Book Reviews

Book review

Children of Sudan

Reviewed by Caroline Cox

Short item on Children of Sudan.

Posted on meforum.org June 1, 1997. Read on meforum.org: Children of Sudan

Cite

Chicago, Note

Caroline Cox, “Children of Sudan,” review, Middle East Quarterly 4, no. 3 (Summer 1997), https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/book-reviews/children-of-sudan.

Chicago, Bibliography

Cox, Caroline. “Children of Sudan.” Review. Middle East Quarterly 4, no. 3 (Summer 1997). https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/book-reviews/children-of-sudan.

BibTeX

@article{cox1997children_64f6,
  author = {Cox, Caroline},
  title = {{Children of Sudan}},
  journal = {Middle East Quarterly},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {4},
  number = {3},
  month = {Summer},
  url = {https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/book-reviews/children-of-sudan},
  publisher = {Middle East Forum},
  langid = {english},
  note = {Book review}
}

Download .bib

RIS (Zotero, EndNote, Mendeley)

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cox, Caroline
TI  - Children of Sudan
T2  - Middle East Quarterly
JO  - Middle East Quarterly
VL  - 4
IS  - 3
PY  - 1997
DA  - 1997///Summer
UR  - https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/book-reviews/children-of-sudan
PB  - Middle East Forum
LA  - en
N1  - Book review
ER  -

Download .ris

Brief Reviews

Brief reviews

Brief Reviews

By Cox, Ross and Pipes

Gathers brief notices of several books, including works on terrorism and Islamic law, alongside titles on gender, family, and Arab society.

Posted on meforum.org June 1, 1997. Read on meforum.org: Brief Reviews
Cite Brief Reviews
Chicago, Note
“Brief Reviews,” Middle East Quarterly 4, no. 3 (Summer 1997), https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/brief-reviews-354.

Chicago, Bibliography
“Brief Reviews.” Middle East Quarterly 4, no. 3 (Summer 1997). https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/brief-reviews-354.
BibTeX
```
@article{meq1997brief_27ab,
  title = {{Brief Reviews}},
  journal = {Middle East Quarterly},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {4},
  number = {3},
  month = {Summer},
  url = {https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/brief-reviews-354},
  publisher = {Middle East Forum},
  langid = {english}
}
```
Download .bib
RIS (Zotero, EndNote, Mendeley)
```
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Brief Reviews
T2  - Middle East Quarterly
JO  - Middle East Quarterly
VL  - 4
IS  - 3
PY  - 1997
DA  - 1997///Summer
UR  - https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/brief-reviews-354
PB  - Middle East Forum
LA  - en
ER  - 
```
Download .ris